IELTS Reading Practice Test 4-1
Friday, May 03, 2013
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below
READING PASSAGE -1
The Life & Work of Marie Curie
READING PASSAGE -1
The Life & Work of Marie Curie
Marie Curie is probably the most
famous woman scientist who has ever lived. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland in
1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity,
and was twice a winner of the Nobel A Prize. With her husband, Pierre Curie.
and Henri Raeqiierel, she was awarded
the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911
Nobel Prize for Chemistry. She was the
hist woman to win a ·Nobel Prize.
From childhood, Marie was remarkable for her prodigious memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education. Because her father lost his savings through bad investment, she then had to take work as a teacher. From her earnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.
Questions 1-6
From childhood, Marie was remarkable for her prodigious memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education. Because her father lost his savings through bad investment, she then had to take work as a teacher. From her earnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia's medical studies in Paris, on the understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.
ln 1891 this promise was fulfilled and
Marie went to Paris and began to study at the Sorbonne (the University of
Paris). She often worked far into the night and lived on little more than bread
and butter and tea. She came first in the examination in the physical sciences
in 1893, and in 1894 was placed second in the examination in mathematical
sciences It was not until the spring of that year that she was introduced to
Pierre Curie.
Their marriage in 1895 marked the
start of a partnership that was soon to achieve results of world significance.
Following Henri BecquereI‘s discovery in 1896 of a new phenomenon, which Marie
later called 'radioactivity', Marie Curie decided to rind out if the
radioactivity discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements. She
discovered that this was true for thorium.
Tuming her attention to minerals, she
found her interest drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity,
superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained only by the presence in
thc orc of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity.
Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve this
problem. and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and
radium. While Pierre Curie devoted himself chiefly to the physical study of the
new radiations, Marie Curie struggled to obtain pure radium in the metallic
state. This was achieved with the help of the chemist André-Louis Debierne, one
of Pierre Curie's pupils. Based on the results of this research. Marie Curie
received her Doctorate of Science, and in 1903 Marie and Pierre shared with
Becquerel the Nobel Prize for Physics for the discovery of radioactivity.
The births of Marie's two daughters,
Irene and Eve, in 1897 and 1904 failed to internrpt her scientific work. She
was appointed lecturer in physics at the Ecole Nor-male Supérieure for girls in
Sevres, France (1900), and introduced a method of teaching based on
experimental demonstrations. In December 1904 she was appointed chief assistant
in the laboratory directed by Pierre Curie.
The sudden death of her husband in
1906 was a bitter blow to Marie Curie. but was also a turning point in her
career: henceforth she was to devote all her energy to completing alone the scientific work that they had undertaken. On May 19, 1906, she was appointed to
the professorship that had been left vacant on her husband's death, becoming
the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne. In 1911 she was awarded the Nobel
Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of a pure form of radium.
During World War I, Marie Curie, with
the help of her daughter Irene, devoted herself to the development of the use
of X—radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known as 'little
Curies', used for the treatment of wounded soldiers. ln 1918 the Radium
Institute, whose staff Irene had joined, began to operate in earnest, and
became a centre for nuclear physics and chemistry. Marie Curie, now at the
highest point of her fame and, from 1922, a member of the Academy of Medicine,
researched the chemistry of radioactive substances and their medical
applications
ln 1921, accompanied by her two
daughters, Marie Curie made a triumphant journey to the United States to raise
funds for research on radium. Women there presented her with a gram of radium
for her campaign. Marie also gave lectures in Belgium. Brazil, Spain and
Czechoslovakia and, in addition, had the satisfaction of seeing the development
of the Curie Foundation in Paris. and the inauguration in 1932 in Warsaw of the
Radium Institute, where her sister Bronia became director.
One of Marie Curie's outstanding
achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive
sources. not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for
research. The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of o stock of grams of
radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experiments
undertaken in the years around 1930. This work prepared the way for the
discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the
discovery in 1934 by Irene and Frédéric Joliot- Curie of artificial radioactivity. A few months after this discovery, Marie Curie died as a result of
leukaemia caused by exposure to radiation. She had often carried test tubes
containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket, remarking on the pretty
blue-green light they gave off.
Her contribution to physics had been
immense, not only in her own work. the importance of which had been
demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with
the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet. write
TRUE it the statement agrees with the
information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the
information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on
this
- Marie Curie's husband was a joint winner of both Marla‘s Nobel Prizes.
- Marie became interested in science when she was a child.
- Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister’s financial contribution.
- Marie stopped doing research for several years when her children were born.
- Marie took over the teaching position her husband had held.
- Marie‘s sister Bronia studied the medical uses of radioactivity.
Question 7-13
Complete the notes below
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for
each answer
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your
answer sheet.
Marie Curie's research on radioactivity
- When uranium was discovered to be radioactive. Marie Curie found that the element called 7 ……….. had the same property.
- Marie and Pierre Curie‘s research into the radioactivity of the mineral known as 8……………..led to the discovery of two new elements.
- In 1911, Marie Curie received recognition for her work on the element 9........................
- Marie and Irene Curie developed X-radiography which was used as a medical technique for 10 ...................... .
- Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of 11 ...........,.......
- The radioactive material stocked in Paris contributed to the discoveries in the 1930s of the 12 ...... ……… and of what was known as artificial radioactivity.
- During her research. Marie Curio was exposed to radiation and as a result she suffered from 13 .... ..... ...
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